Peas are not only a tasty legume, but also quite nutritious and high in calories. Many nutritionists advise eating it without fail. And growing this crop is not so difficult, since it is not too demanding on growing conditions. Many varieties of peas differ not only in the timing of harvest ripening, but also in their properties, which you need to pay attention to when choosing a variety for cultivation.
Avola
An early-ripening, productive variety of peas; after the seeds germinate, it will take about 55-60 days until the beans ripen. The plant is not tall, grows up to 70 cm. The length of the beans usually does not exceed 9 cm, their top is rounded, one contains up to 8 peas of dark green color and almost the same size. The variety is suitable for processing, preservation and fresh consumption, and is immune to Fusarium wilt.
Alpha
A representative of varieties with early harvest ripening, fruits of technical ripeness can be obtained 45-55 days after the seedlings hatch. The height of the bushes is 50-55 cm. The length of the pods ranges from 7-9 cm, width - up to 1.5 cm, each produces approximately 5-9 dark green peas. The variety is resistant to low temperatures, fusarium and ascochyta blight.
Ambrosia
An early-ripening variety of sugar peas, the fruiting period will begin in just 45-55 days. The bush grows to a height of about 70 cm, it produces pods 8-10 cm long, which contain up to 8 green peas with a diameter of 8-9 mm. The bushes usually need staking; the variety is resistant to Fusarium wilt. Productivity is 1-1.5 kg/m².
Faith
An early variety of shelling peas, fruiting occurs 50 days after germination of the planting material. The height of the bush can reach 55-65 cm, the pods have a straight or slightly curved shape, from 6 to 9 cm in length, there are usually 6-9 peas inside, they are covered with a parchment layer. The variety is valued for its uniform yield and resistance to damage by the codling moth.
Vikma
The growing season of this mid-late variety lasts 65-75 days from the moment the first shoots appear. The height of the bush can reach 85-100 cm, the pods are slightly curved, their length varies from 8 to 10 cm, each produces 8-10 juicy sweetish dark green peas. The variety is mainly used for canning or freezing. Disease resistance is average.
Violena
Refers to varieties of brain peas with early ripening of beans. The plant is not tall, the bush grows about 60-70 cm, the length of the pods reaches 8 cm, they produce 7-8 peas, which turn green at biological ripeness. This variety is popular among vegetable growers; it is also grown in large quantities for canning.
Baby sugar
An early ripening variety of sugar peas, the bushes can grow up to 80 cm in height and do not particularly require tying to a support or trellis. The pods have a slightly curved shape, their surface is light green, and their length is 10-12 cm; there is no parchment layer on the peas. The beans are most often canned or frozen; the variety is moderately resistant to pea diseases.
Zhegalova 112
An early-ripening pea variety, the fruiting period begins 50-60 days after the seeds germinate, it is mainly grown in open ground, and is suitable even for the harsh climatic conditions of Siberia. The bushes need support and garter, since their height sometimes reaches 120-180 cm. The pods usually have a straight shape, less often slightly curved, their length is 10-15 cm, and up to 7 peas are formed in each. Fruiting lasts about 20 days.
Geneva
A productive variety of Dutch selection with medium ripening periods of beans. The height of the bush varies between 70-120 cm, the length of the pods does not exceed 10 cm, each produces 8-10 peas, the diameter of which is 6-8 mm. The variety is resistant to low temperatures and Fusarium wilt. Manufacturers of canned peas highly value them for their stable yield and excellent taste.
Ilovetsky
A variety whose harvest ripening dates are mid-early, since the growing season lasts from 60 to 70 days from the moment the seedlings peck. The stem is quite powerful, its height can reach 70-80 cm; tying up the plants is not necessary. On each bush, approximately 12-14 pods (5-8 cm) are formed, which have a dark green color, 7-9 peas are formed inside, they have a sweet taste.
Karina
A universal early ripening variety of Dutch selection. The plant is medium-sized, the height of the bushes usually does not exceed 65-70 cm, the narrow yellow pods are up to 7 cm long, the parchment is very pronounced, about 7-8 peas are formed in them. The variety is widely used for preservation and fresh consumption; it has average resistance to wilting viruses.
Chinese
A mid-season variety of sugar peas bred by Chinese breeders. The height of the bushes is about 70 cm, the pods grow large, their length reaches 12-14 cm. It is recommended to use young beans for food when the size of the sweet peas has not yet exceeded 5-6 mm. The variety is difficult to thresh; it is advisable to grow it by sowing seeds in the spring.
Moscow delicacy
A variety of sugar peas of Russian selection with medium, and in cold years, medium late ripening of beans. The bush is not tall; its height is about 75-85 cm; tying to a support is not required. The length of the pods is 6-8 cm, there are 6-10 peas in the beans, they are quite large and have a sweet taste. This variety is considered the most popular among sweet varieties; it is highly appreciated for its excellent taste.
Pegasus
This productive variety is classified as an early ripening variety; it takes 60 to 65 days for the beans to ripen after germination of the planting material. The height of the plant can reach 80-90 cm, so if possible it is better to provide it with support. The pods have a dark green color, their shape is straight, up to 9 cm long, 10-12 pieces can form on each bush, about 8-9 sweet peas are formed inside. The yield of the variety is 1.2 kg/m² and is resistant to most pea diseases.
Sugar slider
An early ripening variety of leafless peas, technical ripeness of the beans can be expected 50-55 days after the appearance of the first shoots. Medium-sized bushes (70-75 cm) do not need staking. The pods have a slightly curved shape, they are long (8-10 cm) and narrow, light green in color. The beans form about 9 medium peas. The variety is valued for its long fruiting period.
Firework
A variety of shelling brain peas with early harvest ripening. The height of the bushes varies between 60-85 cm and does not require garters to a support. The length of ripe pods is 8-9 cm, each produces 7-9 tasty peas. This variety is considered universal in use (canning, freezing, fresh consumption) and is resistant to many viral diseases.
Sugar Oregon
An early-ripening variety of sweet peas, it takes about 55 days from seedlings to harvest; it is considered one of the best for growing in open ground in the Moscow region. The bushes need support, since their height is usually slightly more than 1 meter. The length of the pods is 8-10 cm, they contain from 5 to 7 smooth peas, the parchment layer is not hard. The shoulder blades can also be used for food; the variety is excellent for preservation.
Skinado
A hybrid of Dutch selection with medium-late bean ripening, the growing season lasts from 60 to 70 days after seed germination. The height of the bushes does not exceed 90 cm, the pods are about 7-8 cm long, the number of peas ranges from 6-8 pieces. Considered the best candidate for freezing, immune to root rot.
Swift
The new variety of sugar peas, bred by Ukrainian breeders, has an average harvest ripening period (70-85 days). The plant needs to be tied to a support, since the height of the bushes can reach 85-95 cm. The length of the pods does not exceed 11 cm, they contain 8-9 medium-sized peas. The variety is often used for drying and preservation.
The Miracle of Kelvedon
A productive variety of sugar peas with medium-late bean ripening; the pods can be harvested 60-75 days after the planting material emerges. The bush is medium-sized, its height is about 45-55 cm, the length of the pods is from 6 to 8 cm, they contain 7-8 large sweet peas of dark green color. This variety is cold-resistant, most often it is grown for further freezing and preservation.
If peas are planted on the site, then they choose the most remote place for it, very often located near the fence. After all, the plant is not particularly demanding of its own person. When choosing varieties for cultivation, pay attention to their best properties. Consider the most common varieties of sugar peas for Siberia and the Moscow region.
Peas are in first place among other vegetables in terms of nutritional characteristics and the energy charge they create. The calorie content of the product exceeds even a number of varieties of beef. Nutritionists are of the opinion that every adult should eat at least four kilograms of green peas throughout the year.
Rules for growing peas
Different varieties reach heights from forty centimeters to two and a half meters and have their own ripening periods. Most often, preference is given to species that have a thickened stem and short internodes, which do not require supporting elements when grown. The earliest varieties can be grown even in Siberia.
Sweet seeds are used for freezing and canning. When quickly frozen, it does not lose its beneficial properties and vitamins. In canned form - during sterilization, it loses B vitamins and vitamin C on average 50%.
Before the widespread use of potatoes, the number one vegetable was peas. It was cultivated on a par with the main grain crops and was eaten as often as they were, that is, bread and peas occupied the main place on the table. The ancient name for pea jelly (who cooks it today?) is “sat”. It reflects the protein, sugar, and vitamin-rich composition of the seeds of a humble herbaceous plant called peas. Now summer residents are trying to sow the best varieties of peas so that they can eat delicious peas throughout the summer.
Peas are an annual herbaceous plant belonging to the legume family. Its root is tap-type, but very branched. Like other plants of this family, it improves the soil with its roots and enriches it with nitrogen. This happens thanks to nodule bacteria that develop among its roots. They absorb nitrogen from the atmosphere and accumulate it in the soil. That is why different varieties of peas are advised to be sown before planting the main plants, that is, they are often used as green manure.
The stem of the plant is hollow, herbaceous. It can be lodging or bushy, simple or branching, depending on what species and varieties are chosen. Different varieties of peas have stems of different lengths, they can be from 15 cm to 2.5 m long. The leaves are imparipinnate, the terminal leaflets have modified, turning into tendrils that help curl. As you know, the plant clings to the support with them.
Different varieties differ in color (light green, dark green, even bluish). The shape and size are also different. Bisexual flowers of the moth type are white or purple in different shades.
The fruit is a bean according to the pedigree, although we call it a pod.
Each bean contains from 4 to 10 seeds. They also differ in color and shape. The seeds, which we call peas, are round or irregularly angular, smooth or wrinkled.
The amazing nutritional value of the vegetable is explained by its huge content of vegetable protein with a number of essential amino acids. In addition, it contains various sugars, starch, vitamins, fiber, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and iron salts. Traditional medicine uses decoctions of the seeds and tops of this amazing plant as a diuretic, and pea flour is used as a poultice to soften boils.
Classification
Botanical classification divides the entire genus of peas into the following types: red-yellow and sowing. Red-yellow is only wild, it is not cultivated. It grows in Asia Minor. The plant is low growing. Its stem is thin, the fruits are small (no more than 4 cm), light green, the seeds are round, their diameter is no more than 0.4 cm.
Peas are, in turn, divided into 6 subspecies:
- high;
- Syrian;
- Abyssinian;
- Transcaucasian;
- Asiatic;
- sowing
The first two subspecies are simply weeds, the next three are cultivated, but quite primitively. Only seed peas are widely grown as food, feed, and green manure crops. Here are the varieties of peas that have high nutritional value. Among them there are sugar, sweet, brain varieties, the descriptions and characteristics of which are sought by summer residents, the seeds of which are sown on their plots.
A huge number of varieties of seed peas are divided into two large groups based on the structure of their fruit - shelling and sugar.
Pea pods have a hard parchment layer and are not eaten even when green and unripe. Ripe seeds contain a lot of starch, they are dried, frozen, canned, they boil well, and are used for making soups and porridges.
The pods of sugar snap peas do not have such a parchment layer, they are sweet and tender, so the unripe fruits are eaten whole. Ripe fruits do not look so beautiful, they wrinkle slightly because they lose moisture during the process of ripeness. Sugar peas are more capricious in terms of soil and care; they get sick more often and are attacked by pests.
Brain varieties are those whose seeds are not smooth, but wrinkled and square in shape. They have little starch, but a lot of sucrose, they taste sweeter, and do not become soggy when cooked. Smooth round and wrinkled square seeds are found in both shelled and sugar varieties. Sweet peas, or rather their seeds, are eaten unripe, canned and frozen.
The best varieties
Seed peas are divided into varieties depending on different characteristics. So all its varieties are divided into table, canned and universal. Canteens are usually used for preparing various dishes in a ripened state. Canned food is eaten and prepared at the green pea stage. Universal ones are used both unripe and fully ripened.
All varieties are divided into 3 large groups depending on the length of the growing season. The early ones ripen in 45–60 days, the middle ones in 60 to 80 days, and the late ones need more than 80 days after germination to ripen completely.
When choosing a variety for cultivation, you need to carefully read the description, paying attention to the ripening time, description of the taste and purpose of the fruit.
"Avola"
This is a mid-early ripening variety, it only takes 57 days to mature. Avola is consumed fresh, frozen and canned. Grows up to 70 cm, does not require support, produces bright green fruits with sweet, fleshy peas.
"Adagumsky"
These are also mid-season peas, ripening in 55 days. The plant produces dark green fruits up to 8 cm long with 5–9 sweet brain seeds (peas). It grows up to 60 cm without support. The seeds are eaten and used for cooking, canned and frozen for long-term storage.
"Alpha"
In early shelling peas "Alpha", technical ripeness occurs 46–53 days after germination. This low-growing plant produces wide (up to 1.5 cm) and long (up to 9 cm) fruits, each of which contains from 5 to 9 peas. It is most often canned, but it is also good fresh.
"Viola"
The mid-season peeling variety “Viola” ripens in 61–79 days, the stem grows up to 80 cm, the fruit is green, slightly curved, its seeds are compressed square, they are used as green peas and canned. "Viola" grows well in the non-chernozem zone.
"Troika"
Late shelling peas “Troika” ripen in 80–90 days; they belong to the medium-sized universal brain varieties.
"Havsky pearls"
Mid-season shelling peas ripen in 60–70 days, they are universal, they are eaten fresh and canned. Grows from 70 to 100 cm, forms curved, pointed dark green beans up to 8 cm long.
"Zhegalova 112"
Mid-season sugar, ripens 60–80 days after germination. Its brainy sweet seeds (8–10 pieces) are placed in a wide, long, light green pod. The stem grows up to 180 cm. It is eaten and preserved both unripe and fully ripe.
"Inexhaustible 195"
This wonderful sugar variety is a mid-season variety; it ripens in 65 days. It can produce a second harvest if the first one is not allowed to ripen on the stem. The stem grows up to 115 cm, the fruits are large, light green, up to 10 cm long, their valves are thick and sweet. Peas are eaten fresh, canned and frozen.
"Oregon"
It is also called “Sugar 2”, these are medium-early ripening sugar peas (55–60 days), the seeds are eaten fresh, frozen and canned. The plant grows up to 120 cm, the pods are long with thick fleshy leaves without a parchment layer.
"Gregor"
High-yielding mid-season peas, which are grown in Ukraine over large areas. Gregor seeds have a high protein content. The stem grows up to 110 cm and is resistant to lodging.
Early ripening varieties “Madonna” and “Starter” with similar characteristics are called new generation peas. They are not capricious, undemanding to agricultural technology, and show excellent resistance under adverse weather conditions.
Video “Different varieties of peas on the site”
Look at a short overview about the features of growing vegetable peas, in particular the Alpha, Grasshopper, and Sweet Pearl varieties.
Growing peas not only allows you to enjoy sweet green beans in the summer, cook porridge in the fall and defrost them into stews in the winter - it also enriches the soil, saturating it with nitrogen. But, unlike most garden crops, you need to be very careful when choosing a pea variety. The characteristics indicated on the packaging will definitely tell you whether this variety is tasty fresh, or whether it is suitable for drying, or even asparagus.
Therefore the concept "the best varieties of peas" very relative, and first let’s pay a little attention to the classification of this culture.
Classification of peas
According to the structure of the bean, peas are:
- Sugar . Essentially - asparagus. Due to the absence of a parchment layer, the bean is very juicy; it is eaten together with grains. Sugar peas are picked approximately 8-10 days after flowering, when the blades are the most fleshy, tender, and the peas in them are very small. A little later, about two weeks after flowering, you can eat sugar peas. Mature grains of sugar peas are practically not boiled, so either fleshy blades or young beans are used.
- Peeling . Varieties of shelling peas are kept to a state of technical maturity, dried and used for cooking porridges, pea soups and all kinds of dishes. Young seeds can also be eaten in their green form. As a rule, they are less juicy than grains of sugar varieties, and once they are a little overripe on the bush, they become starchy, low-juiciness, and not tasty.
According to their intended purpose, pea varieties are:
- canteens – mature grains are used for cooking
- canned – immature seeds are used (for freezing, preservation)
- universal – you can use both green peas and ripened seeds.
According to the shape of the grains, both sugar and shelling varieties can be:
-smooth. Peas, which remain smooth when ripe, do not wrinkle, have a high starch content. These are table pea varieties.
- cerebral (wrinkled). The most delicious type of peas for fresh consumption, freezing grains and canning, since brain pea varieties contain a lot of sugar (at least 6%, mainly sucrose) and little starch. When fresh, unripe, the peas have a round shape, but when dry they wrinkle and become brain-like, which is why they got their name. That is, it is the brain varieties of peas that have the sweetest grains, whether they are shelled or sugar.
According to the ripening period, peas are:
- early ripening (growing season – 45-60 days)
- mid-season (60-80 days)
- late ripening (over 80 days).
Also, pea varieties can be of different heights (from 40 cm to 2.5 meters), with or without leaves, there are non-lodging varieties, there are more or less “mustached” ones... So, let’s talk in detail about what peas are like. Description of varieties with photos - for your attention.
The best varieties of peas with photos and descriptions
Pea variety Alpha (sugar)
A popular, well-known sugar snap pea variety. The main advantages of Alpha peas are that they are very “mustachioed,” and the stems are dense, thanks to which the peas do not lie down until the fall, tightly intertwined with mustaches into pea thickets, and you can do without support. This is an early variety (45-50 days), as a rule, not tall (half a meter or a little more), but very productive: in each bosom there are two pods 7-9 cm long, each with 7-10 peas. The peas are not very large, but they are sweet, sweet, juicy, and there are really a lot of them. Since the variety is sugar, the blades can be used (including frozen) for the winter, and the peas are consumed fresh, canned and frozen. At the stage of milk maturity, the peas become dark green, the pods become saber-shaped or slightly curved, with a pointed tip. It is also good because it is resistant to most diseases (fusarium, ascochyta blight), frost, and grows quietly with minimal agricultural technology.
Pea variety Telefon (shelling brain)
One of the best late-ripening pea varieties is Telefon. The growing season is from 100 to 110 days, height is from one and a half to three meters, therefore pea phone definitely needs strong support. As an option, it can be planted near a raspberry tree, and then the mustache of the giant pea will entwine the raspberry stems. Telefon is also good for its extended ripening period: the top is still blooming, the middle is filling, and at the bottom the ripe pods are already waiting to be harvested. This is a brain pea variety, so its grains are very sweet, with 7-10 very large grains in a pod. The length of the bean itself is up to 11 cm.
Pea variety Ambrosia (sugar)
A good variety for lovers of snap peas. Ambrosia forms very fleshy, thick-walled, juicy blades, sweet, without a hard parchment layer. The variety is early ripening (45-60 days), not too tall (55-70 cm). Ambrosia has a hollow stem, so it is advisable to install a support, but, as with all short varieties of peas, it can be grown without support - the tenacious tendrils will create a “hedge”. At a later date, you can also collect green pea beans: 6-8 pieces are formed in each pod, they are light green and sweet in taste. Pod length – 8-10 cm. Ambrosia peas moderately resistant to diseases.
Oscar pea variety (sugar)
Oscar peas are sugar peas, but they also form quite large, sweet peas. Therefore, in the early stages of ripening, you can enjoy juicy asparagus blades, and leave part of the harvest until the green peas ripen. This is an early variety with a growing season of 50-55 days, a height of 70-80 cm. The pods of Oscar peas are dark green, with a pointed end, about 9 cm long, each produces 10-12 tasty, large, uniform peas with a high sugar content . Pea variety Oscar It has stable yields and is resistant to viruses.
Pea variety Dinga (shelling)
A popular variety of shelling peas of German selection. Belongs to mid-season (vegetation period -55-70 days), height - up to 90 cm. Dinga peas produces light green pods with a pointed tip, 9-11 cm long, with sweet, crisp, dark green peas. Each pod contains 9-10 peas. Peas can be used both fresh and for preservation. The variety is high-yielding, unpretentious to soils resistant to fusarium, but highly susceptible to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew.
Pea variety Prelado (shelling)
These are brain shelling peas of Dutch selection, and gardeners often sow them for green peas. There are several reasons for this. The first is the earliest of the varieties of the Dutch line, an ultra-early variety with a growing season of only 40-60 days. The second is high heat resistance and unpretentiousness to growing conditions in general. It is highly adaptable to different growing conditions. grows up to 70 cm high, there are 7-9 peas in a pod, they are medium in size, but tasty, sweet, because they contain a lot of sugars. Prelado peas are resistant to fusarium blight. Excellent for early spring sowing.
Pea variety Berkut (shelling)
Mid-season pea variety Berkut matures in 60-75 days, grows to 70-80 cm, so it is advisable to install supports. The pods of Golden Eagle peas are slightly curved or straight, long, narrow, with a blunt end, each containing 6-9 tasty sweet peas of the brain type. The variety has good drought resistance and is weakly affected by ascochyta blight.
Pea variety Slider-sugar (sugar)
An early variety of sugar peas loved by many. Although the sugar slider ripens early (50-55 days), it has an extended fruiting period. It looks very interesting because it is a leafless variety. Plant height – 70-80 cm, but supported peas Sugar slider does not need. Finally, you can also eat asparagus blades with tiny grains, and over time eat, freeze, or cook vegetable stews with green, large, sweet peas. The pods of this pea variety grow up to 10 cm, each containing 8-9 peas.
Pea variety Adagumsky (shelling)
Mid-season pea variety Adagumsky It does not shine with super-yield or large blades, but it is very reliable, resistant to diseases, unpretentious to growing conditions, and has good germination. The growing season is 55-70 days, peas grow up to 60-70 cm. Green peas are very tasty, sweet, and ripen together. The pods are relatively small, 6-8 cm, each containing 5-8 peas. Adagum peas are well suited for fresh consumption, freezing, and especially for canning.
Pea variety Zhegalova 112 (sugar)
A very old variety of sugar peas, zoned in 1943, still remains one of the most popular among mid-season varieties. Peas Zhegalova 112 quite tall - 1-1.5 meters and even more, with a long, juicy, wide pod (length 10-15 cm, width - 2-2.5 cm), each pod contains 8-10 large peas. The growing season of Zhegalov peas 112 is from 50 to 60 days. The seeds ripen smoothly and are well adapted to different climatic zones.
Avola pea variety (shelling)
Well recognizable, peeling Avola pea variety refers to mid-season varieties (55-60 days). It grows up to 65-75 cm, the pods are always aligned, the same size - 8 cm, each with 7-8 sweet neat peas. Avola peas are dark green, sweet, and very tasty. This variety is unpretentious to growing conditions and can be cultivated in different climatic zones. Resistant to fusarium. Suitable for fresh consumption, canning and freezing.
Pea variety Sugar 2
The reliable variety of sugar peas Sugar 2 is classified as mid-season (vegetation period is 55-65 days). The length of the pod is 7-8 cm, less often - up to 10 cm. The blades are juicy, soft, without coarse fibers, sweet, even, smooth, bright green. Pea beans ripen 2-2.5 months after germination, there are from 5 to 7 in a pod. The taste of both blades and grains is excellent. The Sugar 2 pea variety grows up to 70 cm in height and is considered resistant to lodging. Valued for its high grain content (the absence of “gaps” in the pods) and resistance to disease.
Pea hybrid Karina F1 (shelling)
Karina peas are an early ripening Dutch pea of universal use. Its grains can be used fresh, for canning, and for preparing dishes from dry grains. The stem grows up to 65-75 cm and climbs well. Peas Karina refers to high-yielding, peas are large, dark green, even in size, there are 8-10 of them in a pod. The beans are narrow, long, with pronounced parchment. The variety is considered resistant to diseases and is relatively resistant to low temperatures.
Pea variety Purple King (sugar)
Perhaps the main feature of this variety of asparagus peas is obvious - its purple color. It is the dark purple color that automatically puts Purple King peas on a par with red cabbage, blackberries, black raspberries, blueberries and other purple fruits rich in the antioxidant anthocyanin. That’s why it’s tastiest and healthiest to crunch on the Purple King’s fresh, juicy, meaty shoulders. This is an early ripening variety, quite tall (about 1 m). It looks elegant both in bloom and with purple pods, so it makes sense to use Purple King peas, like climbing beans, for decorative purposes. Pea beans of this variety also have good taste, but their color is quite ordinary - green.
This, of course, is not all the best varieties of peas . The following varieties deserve attention:
- from peeling – Madonna, Jackpot, Pharaoh, Velvet, Salamanca, Focor, Belmondo, Cleopatra, Yamalsky, Sherwood, Vega, Viola, Voskhod, Premium, Early Gribovsky
- from sugar – Vera, Children's Sugar, Miracle of Kelvidon, Afilla, Inexhaustible 195, Cascade, Ilovetsky, Gloriosa, Zaznayka, Monogram.
- "mustachioed" pea varieties, without leaves – Urbana, Hezbana, Mustache nanny, Darunok. It is believed that such varieties do not need support, since they weave support from the mustache themselves. However, the tendrils of these varieties are “transformed” leaves. Without leaves, the plant cannot properly control the process of moisture release, so leafless pea varieties are more capricious and demanding of watering and all sorts of agrotechnical measures.
Almost everyone who has a plot of land plants pea seeds. Peas contain a lot of sugar and protein, everyone loves to eat them. Caring for the crop is not difficult, the main thing is to choose the right variety and prepare planting material. There are many classifications of what peas are. It may differ in shape, timing of crop ripening, and direction of use. According to the type of growth, the plant can be tall, standard, lodging.
Peas belong to herbaceous annual plants of the legume family. Like all legumes, it enriches the soil with nitrogen, so it is recommended to plant other crops after it. Depending on which variety of green pea seeds was chosen, the stem may be lodging or bushy, simple or branching. The stem of different pea varieties can reach different heights. A tall variety of crop can reach a height of up to 2.5 meters.
Different types of peas differ in size and color. The color can be dark or light green; there is also a variety with a bluish color.
Each bean can contain up to 10 seeds. They also differ in shape and color. The peas inside the bean may be round or angular in appearance, and the surface may be wrinkled or smooth.
All varieties of peas are divided into three large groups:
- Seeds of the hulling group are used for canning, drying, and freezing. They boil well and make good soups and porridges. But they are not eaten fresh.
- Sugar snap pea seeds are sweet and tender. They are eaten unripe. As they ripen, they lose moisture and become wrinkled. This type of vegetable is more difficult to grow. It is picky about the composition of the soil and watering, often gets sick and is attacked by pests.
- Brain vegetable varieties are distinguished by wrinkled, square seeds. They are low in starch but high in sugar.
In addition to these characteristics, attention is also paid to the timing of seed ripening. The growing season of early plant varieties lasts 45–60 days, mid-season varieties last 60–80 days, and late-season plants begin to ripen in 80–90 days.
Brain varieties
Brain pea varieties are distinguished by the fact that at the end of the growing season or during heat treatment, the seeds acquire a wrinkled surface. They accumulate very little starch, contain a lot of vitamins and glucose, so the taste is excellent. Varieties of this group are used for preparing salads and canning.
Kelvedon miracle
An early-ripening, productive pea variety is the Kelvedon Miracle. The growing season lasts 50 days. The stem grows up to 70 cm. During cultivation, it is advisable to tie the stem to a support. The pods are oblong (up to 8 cm) and contain 6–8 dark green fruits.
The plant belongs to the brain pea varieties and has a sweet, juicy taste. Resistant to diseases and adverse weather conditions. The variety requires care. The soil needs to be loosened, fertilized and watered in a timely manner. Do not allow the soil to dry out, otherwise the yield will decrease significantly.
Large pea seeds
Varieties of large peas delight with their size and taste. The length of the pod can reach 15 cm. These varieties include: Emerald, Gribovsky 11, Russian size F1. During cultivation, special requirements are placed on fertilizers. Even if a low-growing variety of peas was planted, you need to install a support so that the stem does not break under the weight of the beans.
Prelado
The peeling, high-yielding pea variety Prelado gives a consistently high yield, even if the care rules have not been sufficiently followed. Refers to early ripening plants; from the moment of emergence of seedlings to the stage of maturity of peas, an average of 90 days pass.
The variety belongs to large varieties of peas, exhibits high resistance to diseases, especially fusarium and powdery mildew, and also tolerates hot weather well. The stem grows up to 65 cm.
The length of the pod is 10 cm, it contains 7 large peas larger than 10 mm in size. During cultivation, it is enough to water on time, loosen the soil and apply fertilizer twice.
Sweet peas for planting
Sugar varieties have a sweet and juicy taste due to the high sugar content in their composition. They can eat the entire shoulder blade without removing the peas, since there is no parchment layer. The peas are not very large, but have high taste. Popular varieties of sweet peas for planting: Sugar, Zhegalova, Gigant, Children's Sugar, Oscar, Vera, Salute.
Sugar
Growing sugar peas is easy, as they do not require special care and grow in any soil. Most varieties are cold-resistant, light-loving, and require regular watering. You can plant after cabbage and cucumbers.
Sugar peas 2 are early ripening varieties. The pods grow up to 10 cm in length, have a soft and juicy structure, without coarse fibers, therefore they are also used as food. The beans are bright green in color, round in shape, the surface is smooth and even.
The Sugar variety withstands disease and cold. When the air temperature drops, development does not stop, but it slows down. The yield is high, and many sweet peas are formed in the pod.
Oscar
The Oscar pea variety will be pleased with its high yield. Refers to plants with early ripening of beans; they can be harvested after 68 days. The height of the stem is 75 cm. The length of the pod is 9 cm, it contains 12 dark green beans.
The plant is disease-resistant and is especially rarely affected by Fusarium wilt. If fertilizers were applied before sowing the seeds, then further fertilizing is not required.
Sugar snap pea seeds are ideal for canning, but can also be eaten fresh. They contain many vitamins, so the benefits are combined with a pleasant sweet taste.
Zhegalova
Peas of the Zhegalova 112 variety belong to the sugar, mid-season groups of vegetable crops. The growing season lasts 60 days. High yield allows you to collect from 1 square. m up to 1.5 kg of harvest. The stem is simple, stretches up to 170 cm. The peas have fleshy, juicy, sweet pulp. Each pod, 10–13 cm long, contains up to 8 seeds.
Growing this variety of sweet pea is recommended in open ground. It is better to plant in sandy and loamy soils. Care consists of timely loosening and watering of the soil.
Slider-Sugar
Leafless peas Slider-Sugar have early fruit ripening periods. The growing season lasts on average 58 days. The plant grows up to 75 cm and does not require tying to a support. The peas can be eaten with the pod. The pod contains 8–9 sweet, light green, slightly curved, elongated seeds.
Baby sugar
The children's Sugar Pea variety will delight you with its high yield, ease of care and sweet taste. The height of the stem reaches 95 cm. The plant belongs to the mid-season group; harvesting begins after 60 days. The length of the pod is 9 cm. Up to 8 dark green seeds with a high protein content (up to 25%) are formed in the pod.
The vegetable crop is characterized by average resistance to some diseases. Shows resistance to lodging, ascochyta blight and root rot. Withstands spring frosts at night, does not impose special conditions for watering and fertilizing.
Caring for Children's Joy peas is standard and consists of timely watering, applying mineral and organic fertilizers and loosening the soil. Since the stem is tall and many pods are formed, a support should be installed.
Peas growing without support
For tall varieties of peas, support is required. For medium-sized and short plants, the support may not be installed, but the procedure significantly increases the yield. This allows light and air to reach all parts of the plant without obstruction.
Plants whose stems do not exceed 70 cm are classified as low-growing. During their cultivation, tying to a support is not required. The bushes, clinging to each other, do not fall to the ground. Peas, which do not require support, are in particular demand among ordinary gardeners. The variety Tsarevich, Varis, Vera, Ambrosia, Grandmother's Surprise, Little Miracle can be selected.
Alpha
The Alpha pea variety is distinguished by stable, high yield and early ripening. The fruits begin to ripen after 52 days. The height of the plant is 55 cm, the stem is powerful, so no supports are required. Some gardeners still install supports, which has a positive effect on the amount of harvest. The pod is 8 cm long and produces up to 9 dark green beans. The seeds contain a lot of protein and vitamin C.
The variety is resistant to frost and diseases, especially ascochyta blight and fusarium blight. During care, you need to set the watering regime; adding fertilizers is not necessary if they were applied in the pre-sowing period.
Avola peas
Among the shelling, early-ripening varieties of peas is the Avola variety. 55 days pass from the appearance of the first shoots to fruiting. It is possible to obtain a high and high-quality harvest under any climatic conditions. Shows high resistance to diseases, especially fusarium. The dark green peas in the pod are large, most of them measuring 8 mm.
The height of the plant is small, reaching 50 cm, so it is grown without support. Care consists of loosening and watering the soil, especially during flowering and fruiting.
Peas
The round-shaped seeds of shelling peas are distinguished by their high starch content and calorie content. They are used to prepare soups and porridges.
They begin to harvest this vegetable when the pod is still green and the peas have reached their size. An overripe bean becomes dull white and loses its taste.
Dakota
The shelling type of Dakota peas produces a consistently high yield, even if weather conditions are not favorable. Plant height is 65 cm. Fruit ripening occurs after 55 days. The pod is 8 cm long and contains up to 8 green beans of medium size.
The plant is resistant to many diseases characteristic of legumes, especially fusarium and powdery mildew. The harvested crop does not age for a long time and does not lose its taste. Care does not require a special approach. It is enough to carry out loosening, watering and fertilizing in a timely manner.
Fork
Peas of the Kamerton variety have the following characteristics: a mid-season, leafless plant, resistant to diseases, shedding and lodging. Plant height 120 cm. The beans are light green in color, shelled type.
Adagumsky
For mid-season Adagum peas, the growing season lasts 68 days. The height of the plant is 75 cm; during cultivation, no additional support for tying is required. The beans are round with a pointed tip, dark green in color, up to 7 cm in length. Up to 8 dark green grains are formed inside.
Voronezh green
Voronezh Green peas belong to the shelling type with a short growing season, which lasts 45 days. Productivity is high. Stem height 80 cm, no garter required.
The plant is characterized by good resistance to diseases, especially white rot and ascochyta. It does not have any special care requirements, tolerates frost well, and the fruits ripen early and smoothly.
Dinga
The mid-season pea variety Dinga belongs to the German selection. It takes 60 days from full germination to ripeness. The stem is simple, stretches up to 90 cm. The length of the pod is 11 cm, with a pointed end. Inside there are up to 11 dark green peas.
Among all varieties of peas, it is characterized by high productivity and resistance to diseases, especially fusarium. For planting, it is better to choose sandy and loamy soils. It especially needs watering during flowering and fruit formation.
Tall
Tall varieties are considered to be those whose stems extend above 115 cm. The stems of some plants can grow up to 2.5 meters. They are difficult to grow, but you can get a rich harvest. A special feature of cultivation is the installation of support after the appearance of 3-4 leaves. Seeds cannot be planted densely, as they exhibit requirements for light and heat. If there is little sunlight, the stem lies down, stretches and becomes brittle.
Good pea seeds for open ground are: Zhegalova 112, Alderman, Telegraph, Miracle Shovel, Sugar Snap. You can choose medium-growing varieties, their stem height is above 70 cm: Azart, Voskhod, Emerald, Madonna, Horn, Giant.
Madonna
German breeders created Madonna pea seeds. They are characterized by high yields and average fruit ripening times. The period of technical ripeness lasts 70 days.
The height of the half-leafless plant reaches 80 cm. The pods are light green, slightly curved in shape with a blunt end. Resistance to shedding is average, but the variety resists diseases, drought and lodging well.
Rocket
In the description of the Rocket pea variety, it is noted that the plant belongs to the high-yielding type of mustachioed form. The height of the plant is average, 60-90 cm.
The variety is moderately resistant to ascochyta blight, moldy gray rot, and is resistant to lodging and shedding. Rocket pea seeds are responsive to nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers should be applied only when necessary.
The best varieties for the Moscow region
The Moscow region has a temperate continental climate. The weather is not stable. Summer can be rainy or, conversely, dry. Therefore, it is necessary to select varieties that are resistant to adverse weather surprises.
Pea varieties for the Moscow region for open ground: Valentiy, Orion, Ryabchik, Sputnik, Novator, Flora and many others.
Moscow delicacy
Medium-late ripening periods for shelling peas Moscow delicacy. The bush grows small, 75–80 cm in height, so no garter to a support is required. From the moment the first shoots appear until technical ripeness, 80 days pass. The length of the pods is 7 cm, they contain 7–9 large peas.
Average resistance to diseases and pests. Chernozem soil, where potatoes or cabbage used to grow, is better suited for growing.
Caring for crops includes irrigation, loosening, fertilizing and carrying out preventive treatments against diseases and pests. Harvesting begins 30 days after the start of flowering.
Slovan
The leafless pea variety Slovan is a high-yielding crop with early ripening. The growing season lasts 90 days. The height of the plant is 110 cm. It is better to tie the stem to a support, this will allow you to reap a larger harvest and prevent it from breaking.
Does not impose requirements on soil composition and predecessors. The length of the pod is 9 cm, each contains 5–6 medium-sized grains. The variety is characterized by resistance to drought, lodging, and diseases. There is a high resistance to ascochyta blight, anthracnose and root rot.
Salamanca
The description of the Salamanca pea variety consists of a large list of positive qualities. With good watering, high yields and smooth fruit ripening. Resistance to lodging and shedding and characteristic diseases is noted. The growing season lasts 70 days. Plant height 80 cm.
Gothic
It is proposed to study the description of the Gothic pea variety. A productive variety with a high protein content in grains. It is drought-resistant, therefore suitable for southern regions, does not lie down and does not crack. The variety is unpretentious to growing conditions.
Plant height 85 cm. Pod length 9 cm. The number of grains in a bean is approximately 7–9 pieces. The taste is good. If you follow the rules of watering and fertilizing, the seeds will be juicy, sweet with delicate skin.
Belmondo
The high-yielding pea variety Belmondo mustache type in the description has other positive aspects. The pea stem is simple, the plant height is average and is 80 cm. The variety tolerates cold and drought well, is resistant to lodging, shedding and cracking. Subject to infection with ascochyta blight and powdery mildew.
Suitable varieties for Siberia
Peas are an unpretentious crop that grows well even in Siberian conditions.
Western Siberia has a mild climate. Temperatures in summer can reach 35 degrees. Here you can grow the following varieties of legumes: Altai emerald, Sugar pod, Henry, Miracle of Kelvidon.
The best varieties of peas for the Urals: Alpha, Berkut, Vega, Children's sugar, Sprinter, Voronezh green.
Altai emerald
The Altai emerald pea variety is considered tasty. The harvest is rich and of high quality, begins to ripen after 54 days. The stem length is 48 cm, the pods are slightly curved, 9 cm long. The peas are large and sweet, containing a lot of protein and sugar.
Like all legumes, the variety does not tolerate fresh organic fertilizers. Prefers sandy and loamy soils. During cultivation, it requires abundant watering, especially during flowering and ripening of beans.
Ambrosia
The vegetable sugar pea variety Ambrosia is an early ripening plant. From the appearance of the first shoots to fruiting, 50 days pass. The height of the stem reaches 70 cm. The yield of the variety is high. To harvest the largest possible harvest, it is advisable to install a support.
The plant is unpretentious; basic care is required in the early stages of vegetable development. Each pod contains up to 8 peas, which have high taste.
Seed preparation
To increase productivity and reduce the risk of disease development, pre-sowing treatment of planting material is carried out.
- The procedure is the same for all varieties of peas:
- To ensure that all the seeds germinate at the same time, they are heated. The seeds are placed in a fabric bag and heated for 1.5 hours. For this purpose, the bag can be moved to any warm place, for example, tied to a radiator.
Before planting, seed material is selected. Pour the seeds into a glass of salted water (60 g of salt per 1 liter). Those that float are thrown away. The seeds remaining at the bottom are washed and dried.
Some vegetable growers believe that soaking and germinating pea seeds is not recommended. This condition is especially important for brain types of culture. This will protect the seedlings from nighttime drops in air temperature. If you germinate the seeds, the young roots will freeze and die. Dry seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 5 cm.
Proponents of seed germination argue that germinated seeds germinate faster and the process has a positive effect on the condition of future seedlings.
The best varieties of peas are: Telephone, Oscar, Ambrosia, Alpha, Dinga, Prelado, Berkut. All of them, with minimal care, produce a good harvest.
Soaking before planting
First, before soaking, vegetable seeds need to be sorted. Full-bodied, whole, pest-free peas are suitable for planting. You can soak it in special solutions or simply pour the selected seed material with regular warm water.
For complete swelling, 14 hours are enough. In this case, it is recommended to change it to new water every three hours. After soaking, the seeds are distributed on a dry fabric surface and dried slightly.
It is useful to keep the peas in special solutions for the first three hours, which will make the plant healthy, strong, and resistant to diseases. Popular drugs for diluting the solution include: Epin, Humate, Nitragin.
To disinfect pea seeds of different varieties, they can be placed for 15 minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
Features of growing peas at home and in the ground
The seeds of the selected pea variety are selected, soaked and germinated. Healthy peas are kept for 20 minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate, then soaked for 4 hours in warm water and dried. After this, the seeds are distributed on a well-moistened cloth surface and covered with another damp cloth layer. After 4-5 days, the beans should germinate.
Germinated seeds are planted in containers with prepared soil. Make holes 2 cm deep at a distance of 2 cm. The interval between rows is about 8 cm. One pea is placed in each hole with the sprout facing up. The top is lightly covered with soil. After sowing, the box is covered with film. After 10 days, the first shoots appear and the film is removed. As soon as two true leaves unfold, the picking procedure is carried out.
Peas are a light-loving plant, so additional lighting is provided. Before flowering, water the plant 1-2 times a week. As soon as it begins to bloom and form fruits, watering is increased to 3-4 times. After germination (when the sprouts reach 13 cm in height), it is advisable to provide a support. A liquid solution based on superphosphate and potassium salt is suitable as a fertilizer.